Kingdom of Gwynedd (Guynet)

The establishment of The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Venedotia) , circa 401, by Cunedda Wledig (Wikipedia links used) After the Roman occupation (c. 400s), the original tribal boundaries of Wales were changed. This was when tribal Wales was divided into four kingdoms: The Kingdom of Gwynedd (north), The Kingdom of Powys (east), The Kingdom of Gwent (south), and The Kingdom of Dyfed (west). Of the original 4 Welsh Kingdoms, Gwynedd's Mona (Anglesey) settlement of Aberffraw was the location of the Princes of Wales' principal seat.   Image of the main  Kingdoms of Wales  (Gwynedd north-west), courtesy of Wiki Commons, attributed to Notuncurious. Historically, the Welsh Royal Family of Aberffraw descended from sub-Roman Britain and the Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin: Venedotia). The founding member and ancestor of the Kings of Gwynedd was  Cunedda Wledig (386-470) of the House of Gwynedd  also known as the First Dynasty of Gwynedd. He was a Roman soldi...

The extinction of Cunedda's lineal (direct descendant) male line inheritance of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. The emergence of the Merfynion dynasty from the House of Manaw in the 9th century, and the beginnings of the Cambro-Norse era (Wikipedia articles linked). The Kingdom of Gwynedd had firmly established itself as a contender for supremacy as ruler of the British Isles after the Roman occupation of Britain at the end of the 4th century. Then came the Anglo-Saxon invasions between the 5th to 11th centuries. This was the prequel to and at the same time as the Cambro-Norse era against the Vikings, lasting between the 850s to the 1100s, culminating in the Norman invasion. The consecutive invasions of Wales meant a need for a change in personnel to protect the kingdom, this forced the emergence of the Second Dynasty of Gwynedd , named the Merfynion dynasty, after a 9th century King of Gwynedd,  Merfyn Frych  (Merfyn the Freckled, Old Welsh: Mermin, Merfyn the oppressor). Image ...